Papal Household
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The papal household or pontifical household (usually not capitalized in the media and other nonofficial use, ), called until 1968 the Papal Court (''Aula Pontificia''), consists of dignitaries who assist the
pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
in carrying out particular ceremonies of either a religious or a civil character. It is organised into two bodies: the Papal Chapel (''Cappella Pontificia''), which assists the pope in his functions as the spiritual head of the church, especially in religious ceremonies; and the Papal Family or Household (''Familia Pontificia''), which assists him as head of a juridical body with civil functions.


Modern organisation


Papal Chapel

The Papal Chapel consists of ecclesiastics who participate in religious ceremonies wearing their liturgical vestments or the dress proper to their rank and office.''Annuario Pontificio'' 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ), p. 1850 Historically, chanted divine service was held daily in the papal palace, with the Pope in person celebrating or assisting at Pontifical Mass on certain days. After the return of the popes from
Avignon Avignon (, ; ; oc, Avinhon, label=Provençal dialect, Provençal or , ; la, Avenio) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region of So ...
, these solemn public functions were held in the
Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel (; la, Sacellum Sixtinum; it, Cappella Sistina ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope in Vatican City. Originally known as the ''Cappella Magna'' ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its name ...
or, on days of special solemnity, in
Saint Peter's Basilica The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( it, Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica ( la, Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal e ...
. The liturgical celebration ceased to be daily in the course of the nineteenth century. The
motu proprio In law, ''motu proprio'' (Latin for "on his own impulse") describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party. Some jurisdictions use the term ''sua sponte'' for the same concept. In Catholic canon law, it refers to a do ...
''
Pontificalis Domus ''Pontificalis Domus'' ( en, The Papal Household) was a ''motu proprio'' document issued by Pope Paul VI on 28 March 1968, in the fifth year of his pontificate. It reorganized the Papal Household, which had been known until then as the Papal C ...
'' of 1968 abolished some of the titles borne by various groups that had membership in the Papal Chapel. At present its membership consists of the members of the Papal Family or Household in the narrow sense (''Familia Pontificalis'', not ''Domus Pontificalis'') and in addition: # The
College of Cardinals The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are appoi ...
# The
patriarch The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certai ...
s # The
archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...
s who head departments of the Roman Curia # The secretaries of the congregations of the Roman Curia # The regent of the
Apostolic Signatura The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura () is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church (apart from the pope himself, who as supreme ecclesiastical judge is the final point of appeal for any ecclesiastical judgment). In additio ...
# The dean of the Tribunal of the
Roman Rota The Roman Rota, formally the Apostolic Tribunal of the Roman Rota ( la, Tribunal Apostolicum Rotae Romanae), and anciently the Apostolic Court of Audience, is the highest appellate tribunal of the Catholic Church, with respect to both Latin-r ...
# The superiors of the pontifical councils and commissions # The
abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The fem ...
of
Montecassino Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first h ...
and the abbots general of
canons regular Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a ...
and
monastic orders Monasticism (from Ancient Greek , , from , , 'alone'), also referred to as monachism, or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. Monastic life plays an important role ...
# The superior general or, in his absence, the procurator general of the mendicant orders # The
auditors An audit is an "independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, irrespective of its size or legal form when such an examination is conducted with a view to express an opinion thereon.” Auditing ...
of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota # The members of the
chapters Chapter or Chapters may refer to: Books * Chapter (books), a main division of a piece of writing or document * Chapter book, a story book intended for intermediate readers, generally age 7–10 * Chapters (bookstore), Canadian big box bookstore ...
of the three papal basilicas of the Vatican, the Lateran, and the Liberian # The consistorial advocates # The parish priests (pastors) of Rome # The (two) clerics of the Papal Chapel # Those in the personal service of the Pope


Papal Family (''Familia Pontificalis'')

The members of this body are subdivided into two groups: ecclesiastic and lay. The ecclesiastics who have membership are: # The Substitute of the Secretariat of State # The Secretary for Relations with States # The President of the
Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy The Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy ( la, Pontificia Ecclesiastica Academia, it, Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica) is one of the Roman Colleges of the Catholic Church. The academy is dedicated to training priests to serve in the diplomatic c ...
# The
Theologian of the Pontifical Household In the Roman Catholic Church, Theologian of the Pontifical Household ( la, Pontificalis Domus Doctor Theologus) is a Roman Curial office which has always been entrusted to a Friar Preacher of the Dominican Order and may be described as the pope's ...
# The College of the Apostolic Protonotaries Participating # The Supernumerary Apostolic Protonotaries # The Papal Masters of Ceremonies (
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff The Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff ( la, Officium de Liturgicis Celebrationibus Summi Pontificis, it, Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice) is that section of the Roman Curia responsible for org ...
) # The
Honorary Prelate A Prelate of Honour of His Holiness is a Catholic prelate to whom the Pope has granted this title of honour. They are addressed as Monsignor and have certain privileges as regards clerical clothing.Chaplains of His Holiness # The Preacher of the Papal household The papal almoner was a member until the almoner became the head of the newly created
Dicastery for the Service of Charity The Dicastery for the Service of Charity, also known as the Apostolic Alms Office,''Praedicate evangelium'', article 79. "The Dicastery for the Service of Charity, also known as the Office of the Papal Almoner" is an administrative unit of the Rom ...
, a division of the Roman Curia, on 5 June 2022. The lay members are: # Assistants at the Throne # The General Counsellor of the State of
Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...
# The Commandant of the
Papal Swiss Guard The Pontifical Swiss Guard (also Papal Swiss Guard or simply Swiss Guard; la, Pontificia Cohors Helvetica; it, Guardia Svizzera Pontificia; german: Päpstliche Schweizergarde; french: Garde suisse pontificale; rm, Guardia svizra papala) is ...
# The Counsellors of the State of Vatican City # The President of the
Pontifical Academy of Sciences The Pontifical Academy of Sciences ( it, Pontificia accademia delle scienze, la, Pontificia Academia Scientiarum) is a scientific academy of the Vatican City, established in 1936 by Pope Pius XI. Its aim is to promote the progress of the math ...
# The
Gentlemen of His Holiness A Papal Gentleman, also called a Gentleman of His Holiness, is a lay attendant of the pope and his papal household in Vatican City. Papal gentlemen serve in the Apostolic Palace near St. Peter's Basilica in ceremonial positions, such as escorting d ...
# The
Procurator Procurator (with procuracy or procuratorate referring to the office itself) may refer to: * Procurator, one engaged in procuration, the action of taking care of, hence management, stewardship, agency * ''Procurator'' (Ancient Rome), the title o ...
s of the Apostolic Palaces # The
Attaché In diplomacy, an attaché is a person who is assigned ("to be attached") to the diplomatic or administrative staff of a higher placed person or another service or agency. Although a loanword from French, in English the word is not modified accor ...
s of the Antechamber # Those in the personal service of the Pope # The Aide de chambre # The
Dean Dean may refer to: People * Dean (given name) * Dean (surname), a surname of Anglo-Saxon English origin * Dean (South Korean singer), a stage name for singer Kwon Hyuk * Dean Delannoit, a Belgian singer most known by the mononym Dean Titles * ...
of the Hall of the Papal Antechamber


History


Papal Court

In the
Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...
, from medieval times, the
papal nobility The papal nobility are the aristocracy of the Holy See, composed of persons holding titles bestowed by the Pope. From the Middle Ages into the nineteenth century, the papacy held direct temporal power in the Papal States, and many titles of papal ...
formed a part of the Papal Court. The roles and positions in the papal household and court evolved and changed over time, and included hostiarii,
vestararius The ''vestararius'' was the manager of the medieval Roman Curia office of the ''vestiarium'' (cf. the Byzantine imperial wardrobe and treasury, the ''vestiarion''), responsible for the management of papal finances as well as the papal wardrobe.Lu ...
, ''vicedominus'', ''nomenclator'', ''cubiculario'', ''sacellarius, praelatini palatini, bibliothecarius, scutiferi, cancellarius,'' protonotaries'', primicerius, secundicerius, defensor, and many more.''


Reform of Paul VI

On March 28, 1968,
Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his ...
reorganized the Papal Court with an apostolic letter ''motu proprio'', renaming it the "Papal Household" ( la, Pontificalis Domus). In changing the name from what it had been for some centuries, Paul VI said he was returning an "original and noble" name.''Pontificalis Domus'', Introduction. Moreover, many positions were consolidated into new ones or altogether abolished. According to the ''motu proprio'': "Many of the offices entrusted to members of the Papal Household were deprived of their function, continuing to exist as purely honorary positions, without much correspondence to concrete needs of the times." In the Papal Chapel, the following positions were altered or suppressed: Palatine Cardinals (''Cardinali Palatini''); prelates ''di fiocchetto''; Prince-Assistants to the Throne (''Principi assistenti al Soglio''); Majordomo of His Holiness; the Interior Minister; Commander of '' Santo Spirito''; Roman Magistrate; Master of the Sacred Apostolic Hospice; Chamberlains of Honor ''in abito paonazzo''; Secret Chaplains and Secret Chaplains of Honor; Secret Clerics; Confessor of the Pontifical Family; Candle-Carrying Acolytes (''Ceroferari''); Common Papal Chaplains; Porter-Masters of the ''Virga Rubea''; Guardian of the Sacred Tiara; Mace-Bearer; and Apostolic Messenger (''Cursori Apostolici''). Of these offices, the suppressed offices of Secret Chaplain and Secret Chaplain of Honor, Secret Cleric, Acolyte ''Ceroferari'', Common Papal Chaplain, and Porter-Masters of the ''Virga Rubea'' were consolidated under the general title of "Cleric of the Papal Chapel". The Papal Family underwent even more radical changes. Abolished and considered were the following titles: the Palatine prelates (i.e., Majordomo of His Holiness, Master of the Chamber 'Maestro di Camera'' Auditor of His Holiness); Master of the Sacred Apostolic Hospice; the
Hereditary Quartermaster General of the Sacred Apostolic Palace The Roman Court or Papal Curia was reformed by the papal bull ''Pontificalis Domus'' issues by Pope Paul VI in 1969. It abolished the role of the old Roman nobility at the papal court with the exception of the position of Prince Assistant to th ...
(''Foriere Maggiore'');
Master of the Horse Master of the Horse is an official position in several European nations. It was more common when most countries in Europe were monarchies, and is of varying prominence today. (Ancient Rome) The original Master of the Horse ( la, Magister Equitu ...
to His Holiness (''Cavallerizzo Maggiore di Sua Santità''); General Superintendent of Posts; the Keepers of the
Golden Rose The Golden Rose is a gold ornament, which popes of the Catholic Church have traditionally blessed annually. It is occasionally conferred as a token of reverence or affection. Recipients have included churches and sanctuaries, royalty, military ...
; Secretary to Embassies; ''Esente'' of the Noble Guard of Service; Chamberlains of Honor ''in abito paonazzo''; Chamberlains of Honor ''extra Urbem''; Secret Chaplains and Secret Chaplains of Honor; Secret Chaplains of Honor ''extra Urbem''; Secret Clerics; Common Papal Chaplains; Confessor of the Pontifical Family; and Secret Steward (''Scalco Segreto''). The Master of the Sacred Palace (the Pope's Dominican theologian) has been renamed
Theologian of the Pontifical Household In the Roman Catholic Church, Theologian of the Pontifical Household ( la, Pontificalis Domus Doctor Theologus) is a Roman Curial office which has always been entrusted to a Friar Preacher of the Dominican Order and may be described as the pope's ...
. Since 2005 the post has been held by Fr.
Wojciech Giertych Wojciech Giertych (; born 27 September 1951) is a Polish Roman Catholic priest in the Dominican Order. He has served in the Prefecture of the Pontifical Household as Theologian of the Pontifical Household since 2005 during the pontificates of ...
, a Polish Dominican. The titles of Secret Almoner and Sacristan of His Holiness were changed to Almoner of His Holiness, and Vicar General of His Holiness for Vatican City, respectively, and the responsibilities of the Secretary to Embassies and Secretary of the Wardrobe were commuted into the office of the Prelates of the Antechamber. Domestic Prelates and Secret Chamberlains Supernumerary remained part of the Papal Family, but were henceforth to be called Prelates of Honor of His Holiness and Chaplains of His Holiness, respectively. Likewise, the Secret Chamberlains of the Cape and Sword (''di cappa e spada'') were retained under the title Gentlemen of His Holiness, and the ''Bussolanti'' took the new name of Attachés of the Antechamber. The ''Camerieri Segreti Partecipanti'' were outright abolished, as was the title of Sub-Auditor (''Subdatarius''). There was also a change in honorific ecclesiastical titles, which were reduced to three categories: Protonotaries Apostolic (''de numero'' and supernumerary), Prelates of Honor of His Holiness, and Chaplains of His Holiness. All the other categories of ''
Monsignor Monsignor (; it, monsignore ) is an honorific form of address or title for certain male clergy members, usually members of the Roman Catholic Church. Monsignor is the apocopic form of the Italian ''monsignore'', meaning "my lord". "Monsignor" ca ...
i'' were abolished.''Pontificalis Domus'' 8.


See also

*
Prefecture of the Pontifical Household The Prefecture of the Papal Household is the office in charge of the Papal Household, a section of the Roman Curia that comprises the Papal Chapel (''Cappella Pontificia'') and the Papal Family (''Familia Pontificia''). The current Prefect of th ...
* Roman Curia *
Index of Vatican City-related articles Index (or its plural form indices) may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Index (''A Certain Magical Index''), a character in the light novel series ''A Certain Magical Index'' * The Index, an item on a Halo megastru ...


Notes


References


Sources

* Paul VI
Motu Proprio ''Pontificalis Domus''
28 March 1968 * Annuario Pontificio'' (annual publication) * X. Barbier de Montault
L'année liturgique a Rome
Roma 1862, p. 255 {{Authority control